Extreme heat is hitting not just our bodies but also our ability to work. With temperatures rising globally, experts are warning that both health and productivity are suffering during heat waves.
The summer months are becoming increasingly challenging for outdoor workers and people in non-air-conditioned environments. Researchers point to a clear connection between high temperatures, dehydration, and reduced mental and physical performance.
More errors, slower thinking
“When the body overheats, it diverts energy to cooling down, leaving less capacity for focus and physical output,” says Dr. Maria Long, a climate health researcher at the University of Cambridge. “We see more errors, slower reaction times, and a drop in output.”
A recent study from the European Journal of Public Health shows that even mild dehydration can reduce work productivity by up to 12%. In heat waves, this can escalate, with some industries seeing a 20% reduction in effective work hours.
Workers in construction, agriculture, and delivery services are among the most affected, but indoor workers also report reduced focus and headaches when buildings lack proper ventilation. Employers are noticing, too, as productivity metrics dip during heat spikes.
Health risks rising
Health concerns tied to heat waves include heat exhaustion, dizziness, and in severe cases, heat stroke. The risk is highest for the elderly and those with chronic conditions, but healthy adults are not exempt.
“Dehydration during heat is sneaky,” explains Dr. Long. “You may not feel thirsty until you’re already affected, and by then your concentration and mood have taken a hit.”
According to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, heat-related illnesses are increasing as heat waves become more frequent and intense.
Economic impacts becoming clear
The economic impacts of heat on productivity are significant. Research from the International Labour Organization estimates that by 2030, heat stress could result in the loss of 2% of total working hours globally, equivalent to 80 million full-time jobs.
Employers are encouraged to adjust work hours, increase breaks, and provide access to cool water and shaded areas during peak heat. Simple measures like adjusting dress codes and improving ventilation can help workers maintain productivity and health.
The role of climate adaptation
Experts emphasize that climate adaptation in the workplace is essential to mitigate these effects. This includes infrastructure upgrades, green spaces for cooling, and education on hydration and heat stress symptoms.
“Workplaces need to view heat not as a seasonal inconvenience but as an operational risk,” says Dr. Long. “Planning ahead can save lives and protect business productivity.”
Countries like Spain and Italy have started implementing siesta-like adjusted working hours during extreme heat, allowing workers to avoid the hottest part of the day. Some companies are trialling four-day workweeks or flexible hours to manage the impact.
Simple strategies to protect health
To protect health during heat waves, hydration is key. Experts recommend drinking water regularly, even before feeling thirsty, and avoiding excessive caffeine and alcohol, which can contribute to dehydration.
For those working outdoors, wearing light, breathable clothing and using hats and sunscreen can reduce the risk of heat stress. Employers are urged to monitor conditions and allow for frequent rest breaks in shaded or air-conditioned spaces.
Sleep can also be disrupted during heat waves, further affecting productivity and health. Using fans, keeping blinds closed during the day, and taking cool showers before bed can help improve sleep quality during hot nights.
Looking ahead
As climate change continues to drive higher temperatures, heat will increasingly challenge our health and productivity. Dr. Long concludes, “This is not just about comfort. It’s about maintaining the ability to live and work safely in a warming world.”
Future planning, adaptation strategies, and personal health practices will be critical in managing the growing impact of heat on daily life and work performance.
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Benjamin Spencer
Benjamin Spencer is the co-founder of Healthy Living Magazine. With a focus on health tech, fitness trends, and real-world longevity tools, he’s passionate about breaking down complex wellness ideas into practical, everyday habits that actually work.
